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Farm Bill 2025 overview

2025 Farm Bill

Farm Bill 2025 overview

The Farm Bill is reauthorized roughly every five years and covers commodity supports, crop insurance, conservation, nutrition (e.g., SNAP), rural development, research, forestry, and more allocating both mandatory and discretionary funding across programs that touch every state and community. Congress extended the 2018 Farm Bill through September 30, 2025, via the American Relief Act of 2025, providing short-term continuity while leaving several programs without permanent baselines unfunded. Debate in 2025 has been shaped by the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA), a reconciliation law that addressed many farm bill-related provisions but left key issues unresolved as the farm bill officially expired on September 30, 2025.

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Table of contents-style breakdown (high-level)

This mirrors how Farm Bill titles are typically organized and debated, not the final statute text.

  • Commodity programs: ARC, PLC, marketing loans, payment limits, eligibility.
  • Crop insurance and risk management: Federal crop insurance structure and premium support.
  • Conservation: Working lands (e.g., EQIP, CSP), easements, climate resilience.
  • Nutrition: SNAP eligibility, benefits, Thrifty Food Plan updates, QC and waivers.
  • Rural development: Broadband, energy, water, housing programs.
  • Forestry: Wildfire mitigation, restoration, timber markets.
  • Research and extension: Land-grant capacity, competitive grants, data systems.
  • Trade and food aid: Export market development, international food assistance.
  • Specialty crops and organics: Grants and cost-share; note several “orphaned” organic programs lack baseline funding under the extension.
  • Disaster assistance: Permanent and ad hoc aids for extreme weather.

A broad explainer confirms this scope; the current one-year extension kept major baseline programs running while leaving non-baselined “orphaned” efforts—such as certain organic initiatives—unfunded.


Basic breakdown of major 2025 dynamics

  • Extension and uncertainty: The 2018 Farm Bill was extended through September 30, 2025, averting immediate disruption but frustrating stakeholders due to limited reforms and selective funding. Baseline programs like ARC, PLC, and DMC continued; several organic initiatives did not due to absent baselines.
  • Reconciliation overlap (OBBBA): OBBB addressed about 80% of farm bill-related provisions, including commodity programs, crop insurance, and tax policy, but left key areas unresolved as the farm bill expired, increasing policy uncertainty for producers.
  • Commodity support changes: The reconciliation law increased support levels for PLC, ARC, and commodity marketing loans, adjusted payment limits and eligibility starting with the 2025 crop year, and provided for new base acres beginning in 2026.
  • Nutrition program changes (SNAP): OBBB modified SNAP, including limiting future Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) reevaluations, setting annual TFP adjustments each October to reflect CPI-U, and altering able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWD) time-limit exceptions and waiver rules; USDA indicated effective dates and a QC “hold harmless” period for states.
  • Political landscape: Deep, partisan divisions—especially over SNAP cuts advanced through reconciliation—complicate the path to a bipartisan farm bill reauthorization, according to industry voices tracking the debate.

Implementation timetable

Milestone What happens Who’s affected
Through Sep 30, 2025 One-year extension of 2018 Farm Bill programs (ARC, PLC, DMC, disaster assistance); some non-baselined programs lapse Producers, USDA program administrators
2025 crop year (immediate) Higher support levels for PLC/ARC and marketing loans; revised payment limit/eligibility rules begin Covered commodity producers
2026 Addition of new base acres under reconciliation law provisions Eligible producers in qualifying areas
Oct 1, 2025 SNAP: TFP annual CPI-U adjustment schedule takes effect; other OBBB SNAP changes begin per USDA guidance States, SNAP households
No earlier than Oct 1, 2027 Next eligible TFP market basket reevaluation window USDA, states
First 120 days post-implementation USDA QC “hold harmless” for states implementing new SNAP provisions State SNAP agencies

Sources:


Relation to state bills and administration

  • Nutrition (SNAP) alignment: States will implement OBBB SNAP changes, including new TFP adjustment mechanics and updated ABAWD exceptions (e.g., raising upper age to 65, revising caregiver exception to under-14 dependents, removing certain exceptions while adding others for specified American Indian categories). USDA’s QC “hold harmless” for 120 days supports transition, while waiver approval criteria shift, affecting state-level time-limit waivers and caseload administration.
  • Agriculture program uptake: Commodity program changes (support level increases, eligibility rules, base acres in 2026) are federally administered but require producer enrollment through state-level USDA offices (FSA/NRCS), influencing how state agriculture departments coordinate outreach, compliance, and disaster reporting tied to federal programs.
  • Budget and program continuity: The one-year extension stabilized baseline programs through September 2025, but absence of baselines for select organic initiatives (e.g., OCCSP, ODI) means states and producers relying on those supports may need interim state legislation or alternative funding to bridge gaps until federal reauthorization restores or reforms them.

Final summary and strategic outlook

The 2025 landscape is a hybrid: a stopgap extension to September 30, 2025, overlaid with reconciliation-driven changes that lift commodity supports and reshape SNAP mechanics, while leaving unresolved gaps and political friction that delay a comprehensive reauthorization. Near-term focus for producers and states is on enrolling under the updated commodity rules for the 2025 crop year, preparing for new base acres in 2026, and implementing SNAP adjustments with USDA’s transitional safeguards. For advocacy and communications—especially in wellness, agriculture, and hospitality—this moment calls for precise, data-forward messaging: emphasize continuity where secured, name gaps transparently, and guide stakeholders toward enrollment windows, compliance checkpoints, and state-level bridges until a full Farm Bill is enacted.

The farm bill includes hemp programs under the USDA, though this isn’t widely cited in sources. There’s a general note that state legislatures could align with crop disaster assistance, workforce rules, and SNAP waivers impacted by Section 6(o).

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Inspirational Technologies presents the Hemp Story “MISUNDERSTOOD”

Inspirational Technologies presents the Hemp Story “MISUNDERSTOOD” – Read it and REAP then Weep (2025)

Be determined to help us make the planet a better place by supporting our mission to inform and educate the public about the many benefits ‘hemp’ once brought to our daily lives. Take the time to learn how hemp can contribute to positive changes in our future. We hope you’ll be inspired by hemp and the shared future we can create together. Thank you for your support. Steven M. Smith, Inspirational Technologies, dedicated to your health, wellness, and beauty since 2014. The following Hemp Story is rewritten from its’ original post in 2019. 

 


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A forbidden fiber in the U.S. since 1970, hemp has taken the heat for almost five decades. Until the Farm Bill passed in December of 2018, hemp was federally illegal to grow for commercial purposes, making it risky for businesses to invest in a new crop that was incorrectly classified as a drug.   Imagine a sweater softer than any fabric you’ve ever felt before, and more durable than cotton. Imagine a car built with something lighter than steel that could stand 10 times the impact without denting. 

  Imagine if you could save four acres of trees by making paper with 1 acre of hemp. Imagine biodegradable Legos.

Now imagine all this possibility actually exists but you can’t enjoy any of it because people in power once decided the plant from which it’s all derived has a scorned cousin named “marijuana.”
If you can wrap your mind around this dereliction of logic, only then can you begin to understand the painfully silly policies America’s had in place that have kept hemp from coating our farmland with hues of pale yellow and light green. That longstanding logic has been costly for our country. United States’ hemp prohibition has suppressed potential jobs for farmers, products for consumers, and medicine for patients.

Cousin or not, the reality is, hemp can’t get you high just as near beer can’t get you drunk. Despite all that–and while near beer takes up three spots in every Walmart in America– hemp has been largely banned in the United States, until now.
To understand the differences between hemp and marijuana it’s critical to know what each distinctly different plant is capable of doing. The Ministry of Hemp offers the most comprehensive and easily digestible explanation of hemp versus marijuana. The 2018 Farm Bill: How we got here. Here’s what happened. Way back when, an angry and lobby-influenced Congress passed the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, which effectively outlawed the possession of cannabis—including hemp—after hundreds of years of growth and use from the time of British colonization onward. While that law was repealed in the late 1960s, cannabis was quickly included as a Schedule 1 drug (the most “dangerous” class of drugs including heroin) in the Controlled Substances Act, a designation which continues to this day.

After 81 years, the 2018 Farm Bill represents the largest step towards undoing the racist and scientifically baseless legacy of the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.  

The 2018 Farm Bill officially reclassifies hemp for commercial uses after decades of statutes and legal enforcement conflating hemp and marijuana, the Farm Bill distinguishes between the two by removing hemp from the Controlled Substances Act. (While the two are closely related, hemp lacks the high concentration of THC that is responsible for the high from smoking marijuana.) This would effectively move regulation and enforcement of the crop from the purview of the Drug Enforcement Agency to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The 2018 Farm Bill expands upon provisions in the 2014 version of the annual bill, which created Hemp Pilot Programs. These Hemp Pilot Programs “created a framework for the legal cultivation by states of ‘industrial hemp’ without a permit from the Drug Enforcement Administration.” The 2014 Hemp Pilot Programs were a success for farmers and consumers across the U.S., from Colorado to North Carolina.
    Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell continues to be ardently anti-marijuana, despite the success of these programs and the fact that 62% of Americans say recreational marijuana should be legal. Nevertheless, McConnell and Senate Republicans read the political tea leaves and will now recognize the important differences between marijuana and hemp. In doing so, they’re creating an exciting time for entrepreneurs, CBD advocates, and farmers across the country. US previous administration trade wars were hurting farmers to the tune of billions of dollars. Wheat, soybean, and corn farmers have been targeted by China as the potent measure in its escalating tariff battle with the U.S. In 2017, China imported more than $24 billion in agriculture products from the U.S. The world’s top wheat consumer, China and purchased 1.6 million tons of U.S. wheat worth $391 million. At the same time, China bought $14 billion in soybeans for personal and animal consumption from the U.S. last year–more than any other agricultural commodity, and the country’s corn imports from the U.S. were worth $160 million.

All that’s changed with the high trade tariffs Trump’s levied on countries who import our products. Analysts and existing evidence suggest the soybean trade conflicts will be in favor of fellow exporters, Brazil and Argentina, rather than the U.S. The tariff could drop China’s imports of soybeans by 69% on average. The estimated effect of China’s 25% tariff on U.S. soybean imports would cut income for a midsize Illinois grain farm by an average of 87% over four years, prompting a loss of more than $500,000 in the farm’s net worth by 2021. It’s a messy situation. Trump needed a win, and farmers did too. Distinguishing between commercial hemp and marijuana, legalizing the former, is that much-needed reprieve. “We’re so pleased farmers across America now have the freedom to consider integrating this important crop into their production, particularly with the trade concerns around other crops such as soybeans, corn, and wheat,” said Elizabeth Hogan, VP of Brands at GCH Inc., the company behind Willie Nelson’s cannabis brands. Hemp legalization will transform it from niche interest and return it to cash crop status.

Using Hemp as Rotational Crop

Hemp is a farmer’s friend because compared with cotton, corn, and soybeans, it requires little water, isn’t picky when it comes to poor soil. It grows tightly spaced, thus crowding out weeds, and boasts a deep, soil-aerating root system. Despite all its advantages, and because growing it is illegal with the exception of limited licenses, the U.S. imports approximately $60 million worth of hemp from overseas countries like China. Political leverage This Farm Bill gave Trump Administration a powerful tool in their bargaining with China. As I wrote earlier this year in Forbes, China produces 50% of the world’s cannabis supply, with a large majority of that supply being the THC-lacking hemp variety; this gives China “massive economic potential” which “poses a threat to cannabis interests around the world and particularly in the U.S. market.”

Studies at Bejing’s Hemp Research Center revealed the variety of plant uses, prompting China to expand its hemp production which is a mere fraction of its world-leading cotton production. China not only has the product, but they have the cultivation techniques and commercial technologies to capitalize on that supply. And they are ramping up to leverage their competitive hemp advantage, expecting an eager demand from U.S. manufacturers given hemp’s rise in popular applications. By contrast, U.S. farmers grew merely 25,000 acres of hemp in the entire country in 2017. To give that context, that’s the same amount of land Bill Gates bought in Arizona to create a small, futuristic city.

That’s cool for a retirement project if you’re a billionaire, but hardly enough land to launch any sort of industry. And of that, about 70% of which was used to make CBD oil. Only recently have we seen an increase in manufacturers using hemp fibers to make fabrics, construction materials, health products, and other consumer goods.

With the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, America will have a chance to counter China’s massive influence in the cannabis hemp industry. But it will mean playing catch-up for the foreseeable future. Currently, hemp cultivation techniques in America lag far behind other crops—it still has to be harvested by hand even. Even though marijuana is legal in China, the country has funded research into the plant and its cultivation, placing it miles ahead of other countries. The Farm Bill will help hemp farmers and entrepreneurs. 

The 2018 Farm Bill will radically overhaul America’s relation to hemp and could unleash a hemp renaissance in the coming years that will close the gap between the U.S. and China. As a Schedule 1 substance alongside marijuana, hemp farmers and entrepreneurs in the U.S. have faced many barriers to doing business. Interstate commerce for hemp products was almost non-existent and financing was difficult to come by. But all that is set to change.

According to the American Agriculturist, the 2018 Farm Bill will allow hemp to be regulated by the USDA, including the labeling of American-grown hemp as certified organic; interstate hemp commerce will be legalized; financing and research opportunities will open up; hemp farmers will be guaranteed water rights; the definition of hemp will be altered to make it a non-drug commodity.

Hemp has hundreds of uses, many of which are yet to be discovered or fully realized thanks to the lack of available research funds. From textiles and plastics to livestock feed and home cooking, hemp has many applications that can reduce our dependence both on other countries and fossil fuels. Driven by explosive growth in hemp-based consumer products, the global hemp market is expected to jump to $10.6 billion by 2025. 

Everything from our vodka to our cars is waiting to be reimagined in the future with legal hemp. Many people won’t even realize how much their lives are affected by cannabis-based products. One of the most exciting applications of hemp lies in the extracted cannabinoids or CBD oil. According to the Washington Post, “dozens of studies have found evidence that the compound can treat epilepsy as well as a range of other illnesses, including anxiety, schizophrenia, heart disease, and cancer.” With the legalization of hemp, CBD can be regulated and researched much more than before to truly understand the medical efficacy for a wide range of diseases.

“We continue to see great progress towards a new perspective on cannabis within the US. Within healthcare, several conditions and certain patient profiles rely heavily on CBD-only products of which the proposed Farm Bill will work to dramatically improve access to patients – not only in the US but globally,” said Prad Sekar, CEO of CB2 Insights in a written interview. All of those uses make hemp a profitable cash crop for suffering farmers, with some early commercial growers reporting $100 per-acre more profit on hemp than canola. Hemp grown for CBD oil, on the other hand, can take in $8,000 per acre versus $600 per acre for corn. In particular, hemp can be a boon for arid western states. According to Pacific Standard,

Hemp is thus profitable and sustainable, two words which have eluded many U.S. farmers as of late. Hemp cultivation could provide much-needed relief as farmers struggle to find markets for millions of bushels of crops during the trade wars. Now, instead of importing an estimated $100 million of hemp products every year, that money will go to American farmers and entrepreneurs.

Bruce Perlowin, CEO of Hemp, Inc, believes hemp legalization will drive disenfranchised farmers “back-to-the-land” now that they’ll have a solid economic basis in industrial hemp to rely on. “Our strategy has been to partner with farmers across the country in states where hemp cultivation and manufacturing is legal to provide them with the infrastructure needed to make a profit off this incredible crop, and this bill will be an incredible boon for the American small family farm,” Perlowin continued “The health and wellness industries are in for a major overhaul with the massive research and development and exploration into CBD‘s, CBGs, CBN’s and 113 other cannabinoids as well as some 300 terpenes found in the industrial hemp plant.”

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What developments have occurred since the signing of the 2018 Farm Bill,

especially regarding how individual states are addressing issues related to CBD and Kratom? 

 

Since the 2018 Farm Bill, states have rapidly evolved their regulations on CBD—especially hemp-derived intoxicants—

and are beginning to address Kratom with increasing scrutiny and legislative action.

🧪 CBD: From Wellness to Regulatory Whiplash
Federal Shift (2018–2025):
• The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp (≤0.3% delta-9 THC), opening the door for CBD products nationwide.
• However, it inadvertently created a loophole for intoxicating hemp derivatives like delta-8 THC, delta-10, and THCa, which are chemically altered but still derived from legal hemp.
• The FDA has not approved CBD as a dietary supplement or food additive, leaving states to fill the regulatory vacuum.
State-Level Responses:
• Early years (2018–2022): Most states treated hemp-CBD as a wellness product, with minimal oversight.
• By 2023: Only 8 states had rules addressing intoxicating hemp derivatives.
• By mid-2025: Over 40 states now regulate or ban hemp-derived intoxicants. These laws include:
• Potency limits and age restrictions
• Licensing and testing requirements
• Labeling rules (QR codes, batch IDs, warnings)
• Bans on chemical conversion processes used to create synthetic cannabinoids
Examples:
• California allows CBD in foods/beverages but restricts intoxicating hemp.
• New York enforces age limits, serving caps, and QR-linked COAs.
• Texas permits food/supplement formats with strict labeling; smokable hemp is restricted.
• Indiana pioneered QR-code traceability and batch testing.


🌿 Kratom: A Rising Focus
While Kratom wasn’t addressed in the 2018 Farm Bill, its growing popularity has prompted state-level action:
• Some states (e.g., Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana) have banned Kratom outright due to concerns over addiction and safety.
• Others (e.g., Florida, Georgia, Utah) have passed Kratom Consumer Protection Acts, which regulate:
• Minimum age for purchase
• Labeling and purity standards
• Prohibitions on adulterated or synthetic Kratom
This patchwork reflects rising public health concerns and a push for consumer safety without federal oversight.

 

We, at Inspirational Technologies are at the forefront of Inspirational and Frontrunners on the frontier of current technology.

We are often faced with our own personal conflicts which directly influence our interactions with our peers and family. 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
All Rights Reserved – Inspirational Technologies 2025
We hope this information has been helpful and informative. Don’t hesitate to reach out with any further questions. 😊
Inspirational Technologies Inspirational Technologies (2014) Background Noise Studios Logos by Steven M Smith

Inspirational Technologies (2024) All Rights Reserved

*This site operates with minimal compensation for product sales. Humanitarian values are prioritized over monetary gains. Income supports research, development, discovery, and healing.

Inspirational Technologies is committed to your health, wellness, beauty, and enrichment.
Reporting on today’s botanical and skincare product benefits.

🌱 General Wellness & Natural Healing
• #NaturalHealing
• #HolisticHealth
• #PlantBasedWellness
• #NatureKnowsBest
• #GreenMedicine
• #HealingWithPlants
• #EarthGrownRemedies
• #BotanicalBenefits
• #WellnessJourney
• #MindBodyBalance

Inspirational Technologies (2025)

Predictive Artificial Intelligence News & Technology

1st Hemp USA News is a resource of Inspirational Technologies (2021)
Created 3/1/2014
Logo by Steven M Smith
Created 3/1/2014

💆 Pain, Inflammation & Recovery
• #PainRelief
• #AntiInflammatory
• #MuscleRecovery
• #JointSupport
• #ChronicPainHelp
• #SoothingRelief
• #CBDForRecovery
• #HempHealing
• #PostWorkoutRelief
• #NaturalPainManagement

😌 Mental Health & Stress Relief
• #AnxietyRelief
• #StressSupport
• #CalmNaturally
• #MentalWellness
• #CBDForAnxiety
• #RelaxWithCBD
• #MoodSupport
• #PeaceOfMind
• #EmotionalBalance
• #CBDForCalm

😴 Sleep & Rest
• #BetterSleep
• #CBDForSleep
• #RestWell
• #SleepSupport
• #NaturalSleepAid
• #SweetDreamsCBD
• #DeepRest
• #CBDNightRoutine
• #RelaxAndRecharge
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🧠 Brain & Body Benefits
• #NeuroSupport
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• #BodyBalance
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• #HempPower