What is CO2 Extraction? The Supercritical CO2 extraction process creates phase changes in carbon dioxide utilizing temperature and pressure.

CO2 is known as a “tunable solvent” making it extremely versatile for creating a multitude of end products by controlling temperature and pressure.

These phase changes create an environment to drop out differing weights of components in the plant material.

The unique design of the Hi-Flo™ Series systems allow for separation and collection of these constituents during a single extraction.

This enables collection of light essential oils separately from other desirable constituents and heavier lipids.

Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SCFE) methodology delivers a clean, unaltered, consistent-yet-flexible product.

Removable Molecular Components is a Positive Clean Alternative for CBD Extraction

CO2: Clean, Safe, Quick CO2 Extraction is good business.

It allows you to create a pure, clean, quality oil that is safe to produce with little-to-no post-processing.

Processes that use toxic solvents may require many hours to purge the solvent trapped in the oil.

Multiple industries have proven that the highest efficiencies in commercial processing utilize CO2. CO2 offers you the ability to “tune” the extraction process, especially with a system that will separate constituents during an extraction.

You can target specific compounds, like terpenes (terpenoids) and THC/CBD (cannabinoids) through different operational parameters.

CO2 is also a sanitizing agent, prolonging shelf life, and, with t

he proper system and environment, yields food and medical grade oils.

CO2 extraction is a safe, clean, and highly versatile method of extracting plant botanicals, nutraceuticals, hops, and hemp.

For the Originality in Extraction

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) is the most widely used fluid for the Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) process across the globe. Not only is sCO₂ capable of extracting the required ingredients in their pristine form, the prime reason for the surging popularity of SCFE, it also makes the process more manageable, economical, and safe.

Buffalo Extraction Systems Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) Plant

These days, “clean label” products are selling like hot cakes. Increasingly health-conscious customers are placing a premium on natural ingredients in the food, pharmaceutical, beverage, and neutraceutical products they consume. Now, clean label is a broad term with various meanings – organic, natural, locally grown, non-GMO . . . the list goes on. Some even take it to link its maker to more transparent work practices.

Alternative processes such as Solvent Extraction and Hydro distillation leave behind harmful residues. Plus, they distort the ingredient being extracted. That is, the ingredient does not retain its natural purity. Regulations have caught up with public demand and impose exacting conditions to ensure the quality and safety of products by limiting toxic residues. One more reason to rely on CO₂ SCFE.

What Makes Supercritical Carbon dioxide (sCO₂) an Exceptional SCFE Solvent?

Carbon dioxide and water are the most widely employed supercritical fluids. sCO₂ makes such a useful supercritical fluid because:

Has a critical temperature of 31.10C, which is around the ambient temperature improving its compatibility with temperature-sensitive compounds.
Has a more manageable critical pressure of 73.9 bar.
Is non-flammable and non-toxic.
Has a customizable density to upgrade its solvent power.
Is available in ample quantities and in pure form; and
Has a comparatively low cost.

Although CO₂ is a greenhouse gas (GHG), the SCFE process using CO₂ becomes eco-friendly if the gas is captured from the atmosphere and recycled.

Carbon dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction (CO₂ SCFE)

Solvent Extraction employs organic solvents to dissolve the ingredient from the raw material. Later, it separates the organic solvent from the dissolved ingredient. The problem is, organic solvents do not completely disassociate from the ingredient, leaving behind residues.

Parameter	Solvent Extraction	SCF Extraction
Solvent traces in final product	Yes	Zero
Heavy metal content in final product	Yes	Zero
Inorganic salt content in final product	Yes	Zero
Similarity with the actual components to be extracted in terms of Colour and Flow Characteristics	Less: because polar compounds get dissolved.	More: because low operating temperatures and selective extraction of CO₂.

Table 1. SCFE Vs Solvent Extraction

That is, the ingredient loses its natural purity. What is more, it may develop a certain degree of toxicity. But the concerns on using organic solvents for extraction go beyond toxicity for the individual. Some solvents are ozone depleting substances, and their use negatively impacts the environment.

Hydro distillation i.e., the use of water and steam distillation inherently employs heat, something that thermally degrades the ingredients. Again, the ingredient, when extracted, is no longer available in its pure form.

Parameter	Steam Distillation	SCF Extraction
Extraction of essential, non-volatile oils	Not possible	Possible
Extraction of highly volatile oils	Not possible	Possible
Oxidation and Hydrolysis (undesirable)	Possible	Not possible
Similarity of essential oils with the extracted component in terms of Form, Aroma, and Physical Characteristics	Less	More

Table 2. SCFE Vs Steam Distillation

As a process that holds the United States FDA’s “Green Technology” approval, CO₂ SCFE enjoys sizable international clout. One reason for its eco-friendly nature is that it does not generate effluents, automatically eliminating pollution control hassles and costs.

Examined in the context of the limitations of hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, CO₂ SCFE delivers a much better performance on all fronts during the extraction of:

Plant-based Ingredients: Solvent extraction oxidizes the ingredient that lends color and aroma. Similarly, steam distillation acts strongly and ends up altering the component’s aroma. SCFE acts mildly, thereby avoiding such unwanted changes while also delivering cleaner, fresher, and crispier extracts.
Herbal Medicines: CO₂ SCFE is preferred over hydrodistillation when extracting essential oils because it does not thermally degenerate the oil. It is also replacing solvent extraction for seed oil separation as the solvent cannot be completely disassociated from the seed oil.
Astaxanthin Extraction from Haematococcus pluviales: CO₂ SCFE gives superior results vis-à-vis solvent extraction that employs acetone and hexane. These solvents cannot tell between astaxanthin and the astaxanthin-lipid mixture, both of which occur inside Haematococcus pluviales. As a result, these solvents deliver a low-concentrate extract.
Beer, Wine, and Blended Alcohol: CO₂ SCFE lowers the alcohol content of wine to a bare minimum while leaving its organopletic features undisturbed. The process also extracts the original versions of hop flavors while extending their life, thereby acting as a natural preservative for beer.

Organopletic properties of wines are their aroma, fruitiness, crispiness, sweetness, and freshness. Hop is the plant whose flower imparts the prized bitter taste to beer.

Phytochemicals: Because supercritical CO₂ is naturally nonpolar, it can better distinguish between volatile, non-polar, and low molecular weight phytochemicals [14].

The selectivity of SCFE is an asset here as it can separate anthocyanin from the pulp of Euterpe oleracea at a certain pressure while extracting phenolic phytochemicals from that very pulp at another pressure.

Algae:

Carotenoids: Hiking the pressure and temperature of the CO₂ SCFE process boosts the efficiency of carotenoid extraction. Utilizing the solvent extraction process for the same consumes large quantities of solvent, takes longer, and delivers impure and deficient yields.
Antioxidants: Employing CO₂ SCFE on Haematococcus pluvialis, a microalgae, gives good yields of lutein, astaxanthin, and fatty acids.
Fatty Acids: CO₂ SCFE is able to better differentiate between different fatty acids as compared to pyrolysis / thermal liquefaction and solvent extraction via hexane, the traditional methods for fatty acid extraction. Besides, these conventional techniques are slower.
Sterols: CO₂ SCFE enables solvent-free extraction of phytosterols that are safe for use in the food and beverages industries.

The Verdict

People the world over are shifting to natural alternatives – natural medicine, natural food, natural beverages – in realization to the long-term side effects that synthetic products, possibly laced with toxic residues, can unleash on health and overall wellbeing.

Effectively this means, the SCFE process and, more specifically, the CO₂ SCFE process, are here to stay . . . for ages.

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New York has $750m worth of Cannabis Stockpiled that Growers can’t Sell. Word to Those States Leaning Legal.

Story by E Helmore,

New York, NY November 19, 2022

Cannabis farmers have ‘an unclear path to market’ as the state has yet to approve retail dispensaries.

A strong smell of weed hangs over many New York neighborhoods, the result in part of cannabis decriminalization in 2019 – but cannabis growers in the state are at an impasse when it comes to getting their crops to market.

Photograph: Mary Altaffer/AP© Provided by The Guardian

Almost 300,000 pounds of the drug, worth as much as $750 Million, from last summer’s production at 200 state-licensed farms are stockpiled, without a place to be sold and in danger of deteriorating, according to a report said on Saturday.

Distribution issues are to blame. Although the New York City has vape shops selling marijuana and CBD products on almost every street, and there are mobile weed vans on Times Square, New York’s office of cannabis management , has just approved regulations regarding retail sales/after Legislation signed back in March 2021. WORD TO NEW STATE LEGISLATION. BE A PATIENT BUT BE PATIENT.

New York regulators have approved the first round of retail licenses that will kick off the legal adult-use cannabis market in the state.

The Office of Cannabis Management (OCM)

TAKING BOLD ACTIONS TO ENCOURAGE SOCIAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIVES OF ALL NEW YORKERS

Office of Cannabis Management

The Marijuana Regulation and Taxation Act creates a first in the nation comprehensive regulatory structure to oversee the licensure, cultivation, production, distribution, sale and taxation of medical, adult-use and cannabinoid hemp within New York State.

Approved the applications of 36 individual businesses and nonprofit organizations that have been granted conditional licenses to open up the first dispensaries in New York. But several issues may delay the full implementation of cannabis legislation in the state.

The OCM announced the first round of conditional licenses for 28 individuals and eight nonprofit organizations yesterday.

Not one legal recreational dispensary has opened. Last week, a federal judge handed down an injunction that blocked the state from handing out licenses in Brooklyn and areas of the Hudson Valley region after a lawsuit claimed that the state’s cannabis equity program violates the US constitution.

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The demand for natural organic products over pharmaceuticals among customers across the globe acts as one of the major factors driving the growth of the hemp fiber market. The increase in demand for hemp fibers in various industries such as automotive, construction, food and beverage, personal care and textile, especially in emerging regions and the rise in the investment for the production of hemp-based products, is accelerating the growth in the hemp fiber market. We are just now beginning to realize the long time known for centuries along with the influence of ongoing scientific research that continually shows long term benefits of therapeutic use.

Global awareness, as it relates to the therapeutic properties of the product and the low prices of hemp, is encouraging farmers to diversify their crop options, which ultimately influences the hemp fiber market. Additionally, the increase in use for numerous food applications, the rise in the legalization in the cultivation of hemp, emerging consumer trends, the surge in the number of social media influencers, is promoting the benefits of the product, the prevalence of chronic diseases and mergers and acquisitions among key players, is positively affecting the hemp fiber market. Furthermore, research and development activities and product development are extending the profitable opportunities to the hemp fiber market players in the forecasted period from 2022 through 2028.

Global Hemp Fiber Market Rising at an Annual Rate of 6.9% Digital Journal’s recent article from Data Bridge Market Research, which claims that the global hemp fiber market is rising at an annual rate of approximately 6.9% in the forecasted period of 2022 to 2028.

Data Bridge Market Research is a multinational management consulting firm, with offices in India and Canada. The Company provides a variety of services such as market verified industry reports, technology trend analysis, formative market research, strategic consulting, vendor analysis, production and demand analysis and consumer impact studies.

Data Bridge Market Research notes that the rise in the awareness regarding the benefits of hemp is escalating the growth of the hemp fiber market. Hemp is utilized in the processing and manufacturing of various products such as paper, textile, insulation and construction material, personal care products, nutraceutical, bio-plastics and bio-fuel. Hemp is also used in food and beverage products, as it is primarily grown organically, with no use of toxic chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers or herbicides.

It is definitely an exciting time to be in the hemp market.

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Defense Bill Amendment Removed DOD CBD – Hemp Prohibition 3 Years Ago

Washington, DC—Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (HI-02), a senior member of the House Armed Services Committee,

secured the amendment to the annual national defense bill that would ensure that the U.S. Department of Defense

may not prohibit the possession, use, or consumption of hemp products — in compliance with applicable Federal, State, and local law — by servicemembers, back 3 years ago.

S he joined Rep. Jerry Nadler (NY-10), Chair of the House Judiciary Committee, in introducing H.R.3884, the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act.

The bill was passed by the committee in November 2019. The bill outlined sweeping reforms, including decriminalizing marijuana, expunging prior convictions, authorizing a tax on its sale which would be reinvested in communities that have been harmed by the federal marijuana prohibition, and ensuring minority communities are equitably engaged in the cannabis economy.

This would apply to hemp that meets the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 definition (amended by the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018).

The Gabbard amendment was included in the final version of the bill which passed, 295-125, and now goes to the Senate for consideration.

“There is great research being done around hemp, resulting in new products coming to market that are proven to help with ailments like insomnia, inflammation, chronic pain, epilepsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Post-Traumatic Stress and more. Hemp products provide a form of treatment that serves as an alternative option for those who would rather pursue natural remedies rather than prescription drugs.

This amendment passed with strong bipartisan support, ensuring our servicemembers have access to the same over-the-counter products that Americans all across the country benefit from today,” said Rep. Tulsi Gabbard.

The 2018 Farm Bill, known as the Agricultural Improvement Act, legalized hemp, defined as cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) and derivatives of cannabis with extremely low concentrations of the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (no more than 0.3 percent THC on a dry weight basis). Currently, many over-the-counter products are sold that meet these parameters.

December 2018 – The Farm Bill Legalized Hemp

Background: Rep. Tulsi Gabbard has long called for sensible marijuana policies as part of her ongoing commitment to common sense criminal justice reform.

She introduced bipartisan legislation with Rep. Don Young (AK-at large) — the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act (H.R. 1588) and the Marijuana Data Collection Act (H.R. 1587). H.R. 1588 would remove marijuana from the federal controlled substances list. H.R. 1587 would direct the National Academy of Sciences to study the effects of state legalized medicinal and adult-use marijuana programs from a variety of perspectives, including state revenues, public health, substance abuse and opioids, criminal justice, and employment.

She has called for closing the gaps between federal and state law to resolve current contradictions and provide legally abiding marijuana businesses with clear access to financial services.

She joined several of her colleagues to introduce the bipartisan Secure and Fair Enforcement Banking Act (H.R.1595) in March 2019, which was passed by the House in September 2019. The bill would help prevent federal banking regulators from penalizing depository institutions for providing banking services to a legitimate marijuana-related business.

She joined Rep. Jerry Nadler (NY-10), Chair of the House Judiciary Committee, in introducing H.R.3884, the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act.

She is a cosponsor of H.R.1456, the Marijuana Justice Act, to reform unjust federal marijuana laws and empower minority communities that have been disproportionately impacted by the failed War on Drugs. And, to protect veterans engaged in the state-legalized cannabis industry, Rep. Gabbard sent a letter to VA Secretary Robert Wilkie in June 2019 to demand a correction of the VA’s denial of loan guarantee benefits to these veterans.

About Rep. Tulsi Gabbard: Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard is serving her fourth term in the United States House representing Hawai‘i’s Second District, and serves on the House Armed Services and Financial Services Committees. She previously served on the House Foreign Affairs Committee and Homeland Security Committee.

She was elected to the Honolulu City Council in 2010, and prior to that at age 21, was elected to the Hawaii State Legislature in 2002, becoming the youngest person ever elected in the state.

Tulsi Gabbard has served in the Hawaii Army National Guard for over 17 years, is a veteran of two Middle East deployments, and continues to serve as a Major.

Forward Looking Prospects Show Possibility of Legalization Looms Positive for 2022

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What I have in one hand acts as an anti-inflammatory. 💊🔥 What I have in the other hand has many anti-inflammatory 🌿🔥properties. What I have in one hand is a drug. 💊 What I have in the other hand is a natural remedy.🌿

And I bet the vast majority of you have already guessed the drug in my hand. And if you guessed Ibuprofen?